Prof. Dr. Juwairiyah Dahlan, MA. A Lecturer  of Adab Faculty IAIN Sunan Ampel. (2009). Research report 

This study entites “Puisi Rifa’ah Thathawi Sebagai Penyair, Pembaharu Pendidikan dan Sosial Mesir” the problem discussed are the case of exploitation or intimidation, and the perspective types of establishing governance. This study is descriptive. It tries to uncover the exploitation cases and analyze the preference for developing study. The approach used is the socio-historical approach which is taken from secondary sources through documentation, “diwan” mass-media namely newspapers and magazines. While the methode used is structurism i. e analyze the sentence/ word structure.

The result of the study shows that there is exploitation and intimidation from colonialist from inside and outside the Egypt. The examples are “the khudaif”, leaders, officers, were replaced by the colonialist, of course, with people with their own standard. The exploitation also happened because of certain condition such as putting among people into fight one organization and others, families, either internally  or externally. These things could happen at any time which involved the officers in education and population in Egypt, Arabs, and Turk. There was always communication between western and eastern but the eastern were made worst because of its own less motivated. The result was the Europe colonialized the Arabs.

The types of intimidation is open like the quarrels, fights and wars. Second is closed one like spying. Third is agresive or offensive like burglary, theft and assassination. Some people realized this and awoke to fight. One of them was Rifa’ah thahthawi. He was sent to Paris, France for knowledge and modern civilization. He became linguist, poet and journalist with a lot of works and translations. Rifa’ah is work on poetry analysis shows that his works were meant to avoid fights through religion, cultural and human values principles. These works encouraged Egyptians to be patient, forgiveful, kind, and to love each other. In short the Islam doctrines in Rifaah’s work is full of afective, humanist education for tolerating other people which can be used as solution for those who fight to stop bad attitude. Full text